TARIHIN SHAHARARREN MASANI IMAM IBN SINA
Daga SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
08060869978
Cikakken sunan sa shine Abu Ali Al-Husayn Abdullahi Ibn sina. Yana daya daga cikin qasurguman masana a wannan duniyar, ya kuma baiwa Ilimi kachokan gudunmuwa, wanda ya hadar da ilimin addinin islama, ilimin likitanci, ilimin falsafa, ilimin lissafi da dumbin makamantansu.
An haifeshi a watan Agusta na shekar 980AD a wani gari da ake kira Afshana, wanda keda kusanci da babban birnin daular Samanidiyya mai suna Bukhara. Sunan Mahaifiyarsa Setarah, an haifeta a garin bukhara, mahaifinsa kuwa sunan sa Abdullahi, wasu na cewa shine gwamnan afshana a wancan lokaci.
Ibn sina ya tashi cikin ilimi tun yana qanqani. Haqiqa an bayyana cewa gidansu Ibn Sina matattara ce tsakanin masu bada ilimi, da masu daukar darasi. Sannan kuma shi mutum ne mai kaifin hadda. Don haka akace ya samu nasarar haddace littafin Alkur'ani maigirma tun yana dan shekaru goma kachal a duniya.
Daga nan sai ya shiga haddace litattafai na sauran fannonin ilimi. Ya haddace hadisai masu dumbin yawa. Ya kuma haddace waqoqi na hikima irin wadanda larabawa ke rerawa babu adadi. Wasu ma sunce da zarar yaji abu yake haddace shi.
An samu a tarihi cewa, Imam Ibn sina ya fara daukar darasin zama likita tun yana dan shekaru goma sha uku a duniya. Sannan kuma ya kammala haddace tulin littattafan likitancin wancan zamani yana dan shekaru goma sha shidda da haihuwa, watau shekaru uku kenan da fara daukar darasin nasa. Ilimin daya samu a wannan lokacin yasa aka sahale masa fara duba marasa lafiya daban-daban. Kenan muna iya cewa, ibn sina na daya daga cikin likitoci masu quruciya a tarihin duniya.
A wannan lokacin ana fama da yaqe-yaqe. Sarkin bukhara mai suna Nuh Ibn Mansur na fama da maqiya kala-kala, kokarin sa shine ya qarawa wannan daular tasa qarfi da fadin qasa. Ance akwai wani lokaci da bashi da lafiya, sai ya shiga neman qwararren likita. A nan ne ya samu labarin qwarewar ibn sina, nan take kuwa ya aika akazo dashi domin yayi masa magani. Da akayi sa'a kuwa, Ibn sina ya bayar da magani kuma sarki ya samu waraka. Wannan abu saiya daukaka darajar Ibn sina a yankin baki daya.
Daga cikin tagomashin daya samu shine na zamowa babban likitan sarki Nuh ibn Mansur, wanda ance daga bisani Ibn sina ya rinqa samun kudaden da yake taimakon mahaifin sa ma a wurinsa. Sannan kuma an sahale masa shiga babbar Ma'ajiyar adana litattafai ta qasar Bukhara. Wanda hakan, dai-dai yake da bashi lasisin qara fadada ilimi ta hanyar karanta manyan littattafan ilimi. Koda yake ance babu jimawa dakin adana littattafan ya qone da wuta, abinda ya janyo wasu maqiyan Ibn sina suka zargeshi da qona wajen domin wai kada asan inda yake samo ilimansa.
To. Allah dai shi yasan gaibu. Amma a kwana a tashi, sai lamura suka sauyawa ibn sina. Na farko dai mahaifinsa kuma abin qaunarsa ya rasu, na biyu kuma sojojin turkiya sun cinye daular samanidiyya da yaqi. Wannan yasa Ibn sina barin gari tare da shiga fagafniya, yau yana wancan gari, gobe yana wani. Yana zaga garuruwa yana aiwatar da sana'ar sa ta likitanci, yana kuma karantar da dalibai ilimin falsafa dana warkar da marasa lafiya.
Ance a irin haka sai daya zagaya garuruwan Ganganji, khwarazm, Rayy, Hamadan da Isfahan. A garin hamadan ne akace sarkin garin mai suna shams al Dawlah ya nada shi bafadensa kuma likitan sa, amma daga bisani aka kai masa gulmar cewa ibn sina tsohon bafaden Nuh ibn mansur ne wanda yake maqiyi ne a gareshi, sai kawai ya koreshi daga garin.
Sai dai ance Ibn sina bai bar garin hamdan ba, asali ma boyewa yayi a gidan wani mai bada magunguna saboda a lokacin yana kan ganiyar rubutun littafin kitabusshifa da qanun fid dibbi, littattafan da har yau ake amfani dasu a fannin likitanci. Babu jimawa ibn sina ya aikawa sarkin isfahan takarda, yana neman izinin zama a garinsa, sarkin da yake abokin gava ne ga Sarki Shams ad daulah na hamdan. Amma ance cikin rashin sa'a sarkin hamdan ya samu wannan labari, ya kuma samu labarin maboyar ibn sina. Don haka ya bada umarnin a kameshi a daure a kurkuku.
Allah cikin ikonsa, ibn sina bai wanzu cikin kurkukun ba akace yayi bad-da-bami da shigar sufaye, ya gudu daga kurkukun, inda ya tsallaka zuwa garin Isfahan. A wannan garin ne kuma ya samu nutsuwa tare da karimci, harma ya cigaba da rubuce-rubucen sa.
Masana tarihi sun ce Iman ibn sina ya rubuta littattafai na ilimi kimanin guda 450 a tsawon rayuwarsa. Amma guda 240 ne kachal suka kubuta, ragowar sun salwanta. Daga cikin wadanda suka tsiran kuma, ance littattafai 150 sun qunshi ilimin likitanci ne, sauran 90 din kuwa suna dauke da iliman lissafi, dabara, kimiyyar sararin samaniya, luggar larabci, falsafa, kide-kide da sauransu.
Falsafar Ibn sina jajirtatta ce wajen nunawa duniya wanzuwa da buwayar Allah madaukakin sarki. Duk da dai bayan rasuwar sa, Imam Ghazali ya nazarci littattafan falsafar tasa, ya kuma samar da ilimin falsafar sa wanda yake sabanin na ibn sina. Ance ma ko alokacin rayuwar ibn sina, ya rinqa haduwa da sabanin fahimta daga manyan malaman musulunci na lokacin, tunda ance a wajajen shekara ta 1022, ibn sina ya rinqa amsar takardun tambayoyi na qalubale daga masanin lissafi da falsafa na musulunci mai suna Imam Al-Biruni.
Amma dai, a fannin likitanci, Allah ya hore masa ilimi. Wanda takai ga bashi da tamka aduk duniya a wancan lokaci. Ance yana da matuqar hikima wajen gane cuta da warkar da maralafiya. Shine ma aka taba ruwaito wata qissa tasa mai cewa "wata rana yariman farisa bashi da lafiya, cutar damuwa ta kamashi. Har ya fita daga hankalinsa, yana fadawa mutane cewa shi saniya ne, azo da wuqa a yankashi aci nama mai dadi. Yana kuka 'mooo, mooo, mooo' kamar na shanu. Sai sarkin farisa ya aikawa Ibn sina yazo yayi masa magani. Ance tun kafin yazo ya aiko a sanar da marar lafiyar cewa Ibn sina mahauci ne, zaizo kuma da wuqa ya yanka shi, don haka ya kwantar da hankalinsa. Ai kuwa yarima dajin haka sai murna, ya shiga zaquwar isowar Ibn sina.
A ranar da ibn sina ya qaraso, sai ya zare wuqa, ya wasata a qasa, sannan ya rinqa cewa 'ina saniyar take? Ga mai yankata ya qaraso' sai ya yarima ya rinqa gurnanin shanu 'mooo, moooo, mooo' da qarfi domin ya sanar da Ibn sina inda yake kwance.
Ibn sina yana zuwa wurin yariman, sai ya taba shi sannan yace ' kai! Ai kuwa wannan saniyar bata shirya a yankata ba. Idan tana son yanka, dole sai taci abinci. Tayi qiba, ta kuma sha magani'. Cikin zumudi yarima ya rinqa karbar abinci da magani, har daga bisani hankalinsa ya dawo, lafiyarsa kuma ta inganta. (Littafin The Art of Talking cure na Sadiq Tukur Gwarzo ya tattaro wadannan hikimomi ga jami'an lafiya).
A qarshen rayuwar Ibn Sina, ance dakarun Sarkin Isfahan sun samu nasarar karbe iko da garin Hamdan, don haka ibn sina yayi niyyar koma wa garin da zama, amma sai ya hadu da matsanancin ciwon ciki, daqyar ya qarasa hamdan. Wasu sunce guba aka zuba masa a abinci, wasu kuma sun tafi akan lalura ce ta ajali.
Koma dai ya abin yake, ibn Sina yayi hasashen mutuwarsa alokacin, don haka yaqi shan magani, ya koma ga Allah. Ance abokansa sun rinqa yi masa nasiha ta yabi a sannu yayi magani, amma sai ya nusar dasu ilimin sa na ruhi, gangar jiki da mutuwa. Saboda a iya abin daya sani, ya gamsu Da cewa idan jiki yayi rauni, tilas ruhi ke barin gangar jiki don komawa ga duniyar ruhina, abinda ke sanadiyar Rasuwar dan adam. Har ma yake ce musu "Nafi qaunar gajeriyar rayuwa mai fadi akan siririyar rayuwa mai tsayi"
A qarshe dai, Ibn Sina ya rarraba dukiyar sa ga matalauta, ya 'yantar da bayinsa, sannan ya shiga tilawar Alqur'ani dare da rana, yana saukewa duk bayan kwana uku, har lokacin rasuwarsa a watan Ramadan na shekarar 1037.
Ibn Sina shahararren masani ne, mai koyarwa don Allah. Rashin sa ya jefa duniya cikin duhu, donma Allah ya taimaka ya rubuta wasu daga cikin ilimansa. Alokacin rayuwarsa, ana masa laqabi da Bu Ali sina, Sharaf Al mulk, Hujjatul Haqq da kuma Sheikul Ra'iyss.
Ga kadan daga littattafan daya rubuta;
1. Mi'iyar Al'Aaaqd Ibn sina
2. Risala fi ibtal ahkamul Nujoom
3. Hikmat Al-mashriqiyya
4. Sirat al shiykh Ra'is
5. Al isharat wa Al- Tanbihat
6. Danishnama'I Ala'I
7. Risala fi Sirril qadar
8. Kitab Al najat
9. Hayy Ibn yaqdhan
Da sausansu.
Da fatan Allah ya gafarta masa. Amin