*GINSHIQI NA ASHIRIN*
*Rubutawa: Baban Manar Alqasim*
DAGA MAGANAR ALLAH SAI TA ANNABI SAW
Maganar Allah SW ce sharia'a, bayanta sai Sunnar Annabi SAW, duk wani abu ba su ba, ba kuma a cikinsu aka ciro kai tsaye ba, to zai iya zama daidai ko kuskure don ba shari'an ba ne, bai halasta ba ko kadan ka sanya fahimtar wani dan adam a matsayin addini wanda za ka yi soyayya ko qiyayya a dalilinta, shi dai malami ne, kuma ana qaruwa a addinance da maganarsa ta wurin sanin nassoshin shari'a, tare da sanin cewa maganganunsa ba hukunci ne kamar maganar Allah SW ko ta Annabi SAW ba, daganan kuma sai a sami tserereniya tsakanin fahimta, ta wani ta fi ta wani, kowa dai da fahimtarsa amma a qarshe shi dan adam ne, bai kai matsayin da za a yi qauna ko gaba a dalilinsa ba.
Al'amuran addini duk in za ka raba su, za ka kasa su zuwa gida biyu ne:-
1) Nau'in farko wanda aka sami nassi qarara, wannan kam wajibi ne a amsa a yi aiki da shi saboda samuwarsa.
2) Shi wannan babu wani nassi a zahiri, sai dai an sami bayaninsa wurin wani malami, wanda za a iya samun wani malamin kuma ya saba masa wurin fahimtar hukuncin, irin wannan ba dole ne a bi ba, amma za a qaru da fahimtar malamin wurin kafa hujja, shi ya sa ma aka sami sabani tsakanin mazahabobinnan da muke bi, wannan ya ce kaza, sai ka ga a wata mazahabar kuma duk da cewa wani malamin ya rigaye shi amma ya fadi tasa fahimtar da ta saba ta farko, yanzu alhamdu lillah an sami ilimi ana qoqarin daukar fahimtar da ta fi dacewa ba tare da kafewa a kan wata mazahaba ta masamman ba.
Ibn Taimaiya yake cewa "Fasali a kan kasa zantuka zuwa gida biyu:-
1) Zantuka tabbatattu daga Annabawa, wadannan kangaggu ne barna bata abka musu, ya zama dole bin abinda yake ciki a matsayin gaskiya, wanda ya sani ya sani, wanda ya rafkana kuma ya rafkana, duk kuma wanda zai fitar da wani hukunci to ya kasance kamar yadda Annabawan suke nufi ne, duk wanda manufarsa ta kasance daidai da yadda suke nufi to ya shiga tafarkin shiriya, wanda ya yi qoqarin sanya fahimtarsa in fahimtar ta yi daidai da abinda suke nufi za a amsa.
"In ta saba kuma a mayar masa, kenan ya bata abinda suke nufi wanda ake kira da tawili, matuqar yana sane cewa da yawa ko mafi yawan abinda ya fadi ba shi Annabawan suke nufi ba, ya zama mai canja ma'ana kenan daga asalinsa ba almajiri ne mai qoqarin fassara kamar yadda ainihin malamai suka yi ba.
2) Abinda duk ba daga Annabawa aka samu ba to waninsu dai ba ma'asumi ba ne, ba za a ce a karbi maganarsa ko a qi ba sai an bincika maganar tukun an gano inda ya yi daidai da kuma inda ya yi kuskure (Majmu'ul Fatawa 4/191)".
A wani wurin ya yi qarin haske inda yake cewa "Lafazin shari'a a yadda mutane suka san shi ya kasu har zuwa gida uku: Wace aka saukar, wace aka fassara da wace aka canja:-
a) Wace aka saukar ita ce wace ta tabbata daga Annabi SAW kamar Qur'ani da Sunnar manzon Allah SAW, wannan ya zama dole a kan kowa ya bi ta, waliyan Allah anan sun fi kowa riqo da ita da bin ta sau da qafa, wanda ya qi bi, ko ya soke ta, ko ya halasta wa wani qaurace mata, wannan za a nemi ya tuba, in ya tuban shikenan, in ya qi kuma a zartar masa da haddi [Hukuma kenan].
b) Wanda aka fassara kuma shi ne wanda malamai suka yi iya qoqarinsu na fitar da hukunci, wannan kam duk wanda ya maqale wa wani malami ya ce sai maganarsa to ya rage nasa, bai zama dole ga mutane su ce lallai sai fahimtar malam wane ba.
c) Wanda aka canja kuma shi ne wanda aka gina a kan hadisan qarya ko gurguwar fassara, ko wata bidi'a mai tunkude mutane daga hanyar qwarai, wadannan su suka shigar wa shiri'a asalin abinda babu a ciki, suka yi hukunci da abinda Allah bai saukar ba, irin wannan bai halasta mutane su bi ba (Al-Fatawa 11/507).
Ibn Qayyim ya fadi magana makamanciyar wannan a littafin (Hadiyil Arwah p266) inda ya kasa hukunci zuwa gida uku kamar yadda Ibn Taimiyya ya yi, kenan da wannan za mu fahimci ba duk wasu lamura na addini za mu yi soyayya ko qiyayya a kai ba, abinda ya zo daga tushe wato Qur'ani ko Sunna su ne ake kafuwa a kai, amma wani malami zai iya yin daidai ko kuskure, kar ka ce dole sai abinda ya fada, kai sai ka yi sabo shi kuma Allah ya yi masa gafara.
Zamuci gaba insha Allah.
*Gabatarwa: Abulfawzhaan*
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