KOKAWA: TARIHI DA TASIRI
DAGA SADIQ TUKUR GWARZO
Kokawa ba kurum wasa bane, al'ada ce da mutum yayo gado shekara da shekaru.
Wani masani Kendall Blanchard ya kalli kokawa a matsayin daɗaɗɗen wasa acikin abinda ya rubuta a littafinsa mai suna 'The Anthropology of sports: An Introduction' saboda duba da yadda yace mutanen farko sun rinka zana hotunan masu kokawa a jikin kogunan duwatsu da kuma tarin mutane suna kewaye dasu suna kallo.
Amma dai mafi yawan masana kimiyyar salsalar ɗan adam suna kallon kokawa a matsayin daɗaɗɗen abu wadda ake amfani da ita wajen gane jarumi a tsakanin mazaje ba kurum a matsayin wasa ba.
Zuwa yanzu, yana da wuya a iya faɗar inda aka soma kokawa, ko kuma waɗanda suka soma yinta. Amma dai, idan muka kalli abin ta fuskar addinai, muna iya hasashen cewa 'ya'yayen Annabi Adamu watau Habila da Kabila ne suka soma karawa a junansu bisa saɓanin fahimta daya shiga tsakaninsu. Har daga bisani ɗaya ya kashe ɗaya.
Yazo a rubututtukan masana kimiyyar salsalar ɗan adam cewa jinsin maza sunfi rashin-ji da rashin son zaman lafiya sama da jinsin mata, don haka a kusan kafatanin tarihi sune sukafi kara kokawa a tsakaninsu ba mata ba.
Wasu masanan kimiyya mata da miji masu suna Martin Daly da Margo Wilson ne suka samar da sunan 'Young Male Syndrome' domin nuna yadda matasa mazaje ke jin karfi a jikkunan su gami da saurin aukawa cikin yanayin gogayya ko karawa a tsakaninsu, ta yadda abubuwa irinsu kokawa kan shigo ciki domin kece raini.
Ma'ana, da akai alamun cewa tun asali, mutum ya soma kokawa ne ba domin wasa ba, sai dai bisa dalilai guda biyu:-
Na ɗaya shine Kece raini.
Na biyu kuwa shine samun daraja ko ganima.
Masanin halayyar ɗan adam Aaron Lukaszewski, yayi wani bincike game da dalilan dake sa mutane ke yawan faɗa a Junansu, inda a karshe ya karkare da cewa mafi yawan karfafan mazaje sukanso kece raini a tsakaninsu, don haka akwai yiwuwar kartai biyu majiya karfi su kaure da kokawa bisa karamin dalili a zahiri, amma a baɗini suna yin kokawar ne domin kece raini. Saɓanin jinsin mata daya lura da cewa karfafan cikinsu sunfi kawaici da hakuri, yayin da raunanan mata keda yawan son tsokana da tada fitina gami da amfani da hakora don tserar da kansu idan aka samu ɓacin rana.
Dangane da yin kokawa bisa rajin samun tagomashi kuwa, akwai kyakkyawan hasashen cewa mutanen da suka gabace mu sun sanya kokawa ne a matsayin hanyar gane wanda yafi wani jarumta, ta yadda duk wanda ya samu galaba kuma shine zai iya samun babbar tagomashi akan ɗanuwansa.
Yazo a tarihi yadda dakarun tsohuwar daular Girka data Misra ke shiga kokawa don auna kakkarfa da jurau a tsakaninsu. Haka kuma a daular katsina ta kasar Hausa, an samu cewar a wani lokaci ana iya zamowa sarkin wannan daula ne kaɗai ta hanyar kokawa.
Wani masanin kimiyyar tarihin ɗan adam mai suna Napoleon Chagnon yayi bincike kan wata kabilar daji da aka samo mai suna 'Yanomamo' wadda ke zaune a kasar Venezuela.
Suffofin waɗannan mutane da ayyukansu kusan irin na mutanen farko ne waɗanda akace sun fara rayuwa ne a afirka kimanin shekaru sama da dubu hamsin baya. Don haka ana iya cewa har zuwa yau kabilar Yanomamo na rike da al'adu ne kwatankwacin irin na mutanen farko da suke rufe tsiraicinsu da ganyaye.
A binciken na Napoleon, ya lura da cewa kabilar suna kiran jarumin cikinsu da suna 'Unokai', sunan dake cike da girmamawa ga mutumin da yake da karfin kare kabilarsa daga makiya.
Unokai yana zamowa mai yawan mataye, da yawan 'ya'yaye. Don haka burin kowanne namiji dake wannan kabilar shine ya zama kamarsa.
Wannan ke zama silar da yara tun suna kanana suke koyan kokawa, domin na farko su kece raini ga sa'anninsu, sannan na biyu idan girma yazo musu su samu lakabin Unokai tayadda zasu samu tarin girma acikin jama'arsu gami da mataye da 'ya'yaye.
Wannan shine babban tarihin da zamu rinka tunawa a koda yausjlhe idan muka kalli kokawa.
Na farko dai mu gane cewar asalinta an sanyatane domin auna wanda yafi wani jarumta a tsakanin mazaje.
Daga baya kuma sai aka rinka sanya darajoji akanta gami da mayar da ita gasa tayadda duk masu son mallakar girma, sarauta, mataye da 'ya'yaye da sauran abubuwan duniya masu daraja sai ace su shiga kokawa domin nema, wanda yayi rinjaye shine da nasara.
Sabo haka kokawa tsohuwar al'ada ce wadda mutum yayo gadonta shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Shiyasa ake samunta cikin kusan kowacce kabila.
Abu na karshe shine, tsarin kokawa yana nan bai sauya ba. Domin har zuwa yau anfi yin kokawa ne a tsakanin mutane biyu domin samun wani abu mai amfani, kuma a tsakiyar tulin mutane masu shaidarwa.
Sai dai kurum akwai wayewa da tayi tasiri acikinta tayadda ake sanya alkali mai lura da lokaci gami da yanke hukunci, da sanya yashi ko kasa ta musamman a wurin yin kokawa, sai kuma samar da abin kiɗa domin karfafa guiwa gami annushuwa tsakanin masu kokawa da masu kallonsu.